Fruits and vegetables are natural sources of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber—and excellent alternatives to higher-calorie foods.

Whole grains (as opposed to refined grains) contain fiber and other healthful nutrients that help improve your heart health. Look for the words “whole” or “whole grain” at the top of the ingredient list.

During digestion, sugars (simple carbohydrates) and starches (complex carbohydrates) break down into blood glucose. Consider eating healthy carbohydrates, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and low-fat dairy products, such as milk and yogurt. Try to limit food or drinks with added fats, sugars, and sodium.

Foods containing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats can help lower your cholesterol levels. These include avocados, nuts, olive oil, and peanut oil. But don’t overdo it, as all fats are high in calories.

When consuming protein, it must be a high-quality protein such as chicken, fish, lean meats, and eggs. Avoid processed or canned meats as they tend to be high in sodium.

Too much sodium can cause fluid buildup, swelling, higher blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Renal diets tend to be low in sodium for that reason.

Too much or too little potassium in the blood can be very dangerous. Factors such as how well your kidneys are working and your medications determine the amount of potassium you need.